Kiln for burning bricks, tiles, or pottery.



N0. 744.200. IIIILNILII Nov. 17, 1903.. l W. B. HUGHES. KILN P011 BURNING BRIcKs, TILES, 0N P0I1LNY.

APPLICATION FILED 00.1228, 1901.

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l l PATBNTED NOV. 17, 1903. W. B.' HUGHES. KILNv T011 BURNING BRICKS, TILES, 0R POTTERY.

APPLICATION FILED -0(1'l. 28, 1901.

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No. 744,200. l

UNITED STATES l atented ovelloer l?, 1903.

PATENT Fries.

KILN FOR BURNING BRICKS, TILES, OR POTTERY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 744,200, dated November 17, 1903. y

Application led October 28, 1901. Serial No. 80,313. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM BARNSLEY HUGHES, surveyor, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Prospect Lodge, London road, Tunbridge Wells, in the countyof Kent, England, have invented new and useful Improvements in and Connected with Kilns for Burning Bricks, Tiles,

or Pottery, of which the following is a specification. Y

My invention relates to the construction and arrangements of continuous kilns and furnaces for drying and burning bricks, tiles, and pottery whereby I am enabled to employ in an economical manner the heat from one chamber in a kiln when not further required in that chamber to raise the temperature in another chamber, and my invention also relates to the employment of a heated air-blast.

Figure l of the accompanying drawings represents in plan section a kiln constructed according to my invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section on the line A B, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a transverse section on the line CD, Fig. l. Fig. 4 is a transverse section on the line E F, Fig. l. Fig. 5 is a transverse section of the fire-chamber, and Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section thereof. A

According to my invention I construct a kiln consisting of a number of, say, rectangular chambers a, which run transversely to the length of the kiln, or radially if the kiln be circular, each of which chambers is provided with a doorwayb and a door (not shown) for introducing the goods to be burned, a furnace with a grate c, extending, say, the whole of one of the longest sides of the chamber, and beneath the grate-bars is an ash-pit d. The furnaceis provided with a low screen wall or partition e, parallel with the side of the chamber, to keep the fuel in place on the fire-bars and to prevent it from coming into contact with the goods to be burned. Below the level of the bars I construct in the side wall of the ash-pit four or more flues f, as shown more clearly in the detail views, Figs. 5 and 6, which iues are carried up vertically and then horizontally parallel to the fire-bars, with narrow apertures, such as outlets g, to allow a current of heated ai'r generated, for

example, by a blast passing through a pipe h and causing air to pass through a nozzle into the ash-pit, up the flues f, and to pass over the fires in each tire-chamber to assist the combustion of gases as they arise from the fuel in process of burning. The furnace and ash-pit are both provided with a door, if de sired, and the wall opposite the furnace above the fire-bars is provided with lateral apertures so that the chambers may communicate with each other; but a current is not pro-v duced into an adjoining chamber While the dampers are closed in the latter. The chambers are preferably built in the form of arches and are provided with a number of holes lo above the furnaces for the purpose of feeding the fuel onto the grates, or the fuel may be fed in by opening the furnace-doors. On one side under the bottom of each chamber there are built, say, two flues t and m for carrying away the products of combustion and vapor. As shown in Fig. l, the ue Z communicates with approximately one-half of the openings in the floor of Vthe chamber, while the flue m communicates with the remainder. By closing the damper of one flue all the pull of the chimney-shaft may be put upon the other flue, or the dampers may be regulated to produce any desired amount of pull upon either flue, and in this way the products of combustion can be caused to pass in various directions across the kiln. Each lille is continued vertically and is at the top provided with a damper n orrvalve for regulating the exit. of the products of combustion and the like, and at the top all the said ues from each chamber communicate with the main Hue o, whence the products of combustion may pass away to the shaft or chimney in any convenient manner. Each chamber is provided near the top with a passage p, leading to a main or common horizontal Iiueq, closed at both ends and situated, preferably, above the main flue. Each passage has a damper or shutter r, so that the heat from a chamber may be allowed to escape into the main hot-air flue q or not, as required, and in order that the heat from the main hot-air Vflue may Ybe utilized in the best manner each chamber is also in communication near the ground and preferably under the fire-bars IOO with said main hot-air Iiue by means of a vertical passage s, Fig. 4E, each passage being of course provided with a door or damper if in order to allow of the regulation of the inlet of hot air.

Further, the invention consists in the application under the dead-plate level and the bars of a blast of heated air generated by either oil or gas with or without mechanical power, which blast is admitted by a funnelshaped cone, admitting at the same time and with the blast generated with oil, gas, or other combustibles cold air, which becomes heated by amalgamation in its passage through the cone or funnel and is passed into the ash box or chamber under the fire-bars.

Further, the invention, consists in the application of a blast of air which is heated in any convenient manner, such blast preferably being passed, as shown in Fig. 5, into the ash pit or chamber under the fire-bars and thence into the fire to assist the combustion. It is necessary that the air should be heated, and the blast of air may suitably, as shown, be supplied through a device somewhat on the principle of the injector, so that a coinparatively small volume of hot air may induce a current of cold air and mixing with it warm the same on its Way to the fire.

Now by my invention I am enabled to burn to any degree of heat in any one chamber, as desired, and to dry bricks in another or other chambers.

In drying bricks I prefer to proceed as follows: The floor of chamber No. 1 is, for example, set direct from the brick-making machine with, say, six or more courses of bricks. Hotair from the main hot-airflue q is allowed to come into the ash-pit dof the chamber by the inlet-passage s, the top of the furnace being covered with a shutter or shutters y, so that the current of hot air is forced to pass through the lateral apertures zin the screen- Walle. (See Fig. G.) One or more of the dampers n in the main iiue 0 are opened, and thus a current of warm air is caused to pass through the bricks aforesaid. These six layers of bricks are dried, say, in a night. The next morning the center part of the chamber Awill be crowded with bricks which have been previously dried more or less, and then the top section of the chamber may be crowded with bricks direct from the machine. By this means it is evident that I am enabled to fill the chamber at least two-thirds full with green plastic bricks direct from the machine.

By my invention I am enabled to effect a saving in fuel generally, and fuel of an inferior character may be partially or wholly employed. Further, it is evident that the fires may be clinkered without admitting any cold air into a chamber by closing the valves n before opening the furnace-door.

Besides this the chambers can be so isolated that no steam can pass from one to the other.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. Acontinuous kiln oomprisinga plurality of chambers, a furnace in and at one side of each chamber, a screen-wall to prevent the fuel in the furnace from cominginto cont-act with the goods to be burned, an ash-pit below each furnace, fines, each with a plurality of branches leading from an ash-pit of a furnace and opening into the fire-space above said ash-pit, a main fiue for receiving the heated air, passages, one in each chamber, for the exit of the heated airvfrom the chambers to the main flue and a plurality of flues communicating with said` main ue and each leading to an ash-pit, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. Acontinuouskilncomprisingaplurality of chambers, a plurality of furnaces one in each chamber, a screen-wall to prevent the fuel in the furnace from coming into contact with the goods to be burned, exit-openings for the escape of the products of combustion, a plurality of flues in each chamber each one of said flues communicating with some of said exit-openings, dampers for controlling said tlues, an ash-pit below each furnace, flues with a plurality of branches communi eating with the ash-pit and tire-space of the furnace, a plurality of flucs one in each chamber for the exit of heated air from the chambers, a main iue for receiving the heated air, and a plurality of fines communicating with said main line and each leading to to an ashpit, substantially as set forth.

3. Acontinuous kiln com prisinga plurality of chambers, a plurality of furnaces one in each chamber, a screenwall to prevent the fuel in the furnace from coming into contact with the goods to be burned, exit-openings for the escape of the products of combustion, a plurality of flues in each chamber, each one of said iiues communicating with some of said exit-openings, dampers for controlling the said fines, an ash-pit below each furnace, a hot-ar-forcing device at the mouth of each ash-pit, ues with a plurality of branches communicating with the ash-pit and fire-space of the furnace, a plurality of flucs one in each chamber for the exit of heated air from the chambers, a main ue for receiving the heated air and a plurality of flues communieating with said main flue and each leading to an ash-pit, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

lVILLIAM BARNSLEY HUGHES.

Witnesses:

GEORGE ISAAC BRIDGES, V. J ENsEN.

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